Farmers' protests against new laws liberalising agricultural markets spread across India on Tuesday.
The nationwide strike came after inconclusive talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government.
In eastern and western states, farmers blocked roads and squatted on railway tracks, delaying people getting to work, and preventing perishable produce from reaching markets.
Farmers from the northern states of Punjab and Haryana, neighbouring New Delhi, have been at the vanguard of the agitation since last month, and have set up protest camps in and around the capital.
The reforms enacted in September loosened rules around the sale, pricing and storage of farm produce that have protected farmers from an unfettered free market for decades.
Assured of floor prices, most currently sell the bulk of their produce at government-controlled wholesale markets, known as mandis.
The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has said the reforms would not hurt farmers' incomes. More talks between the government and farmer organisations are due on Wednesday.
Amid the coronavirus pandemic, protest sites around New Delhi have turned into camps, with entire families cooking and sleeping in the open and Sikh religious organisations were providing them with face masks, water and food.
At least 20 regional and national opposition parties backed the call for the strike.


Turkey to host Gaza meeting amid ceasefire concerns
Tanzania opposition says hundreds killed in vote protests
Turkey sentences 11 people to life in prison over ski resort hotel fire
China sends its youngest astronaut to 'Heavenly Palace' space station
Israel launches more strikes on Gaza overnight, testing fragile truce
Trump-Putin summit cancelled, FT reports
Houthis say 43 detained UN staff to face trial over Israeli attack
Hurricane Melissa leaves 49 dead in Caribbean, churns north
